MGM Resorts takes legal action vs US FTC over cyber-attack probe

The Star Casino in the centre of Sydney, a popular gaming hub, found itself in the embroiled in an unexpected controversy. A software glitch in the casino's “ticket in, cash out” (TICO) machines led to the establishment inadvertently giving away more than $2 million in cash over a span of 13 days in July last year.

The glitch was introduced through a software update to the TICO machines. When players inserted more than one ticket into a machine, it returned one of the tickets along with the total cash, and then allowed that ticket to be cashed out repeatedly. This error went unnoticed by the casino operators for six weeks, during which time 43 people exploited the glitch to withdraw free money.

Among the beneficiaries was Thanh Lan Le, a recovering gambling addict. She relapsed after watching a friend repeatedly cash out using the glitch. Over the next 10 days, she withdrew $57,265. By the time she left the casino, all but $5,000 of the money was gambled away.

The casino’s response to the glitch was swift and severe. It reported the 43 “lucky” cash recipients to the police, who arrested Le and an unspecified number of others on charges of fraud, participating in a criminal group, and knowingly dealing with the proceeds of a crime. Le pleaded guilty to a single charge of dishonestly obtaining property by deception and offered to repay the money.

The’s manager, Nicholas Weeks, blamed “a very significant failure across a large number of people and teams” for the casino’s inability to detect the glitch sooner. This incident has led to a second NSW Independent Casino Commission inquiry into operator Star Entertainment, which had previously been found unsuitable to hold a Sydney casino license in 2022 due to allegations of money laundering, criminal infiltration, and fraud.

The latest inquiry also heard from former Star CFO Christina Katsibouba, who testified that the casino’s head of investor relations, Giovanni Rizzo, asked her to manipulate the financial records to hide the loss when the company presented its half-year earnings report in February. Katsibouba refused to comply.

This incident has highlighted the potential pitfalls of technology in the gaming industry, and the importance of robust risk management frameworks and balances to prevent such errors from occurring. It also raises questions in dealing with such situations, and the impact on individuals who unwittingly find themselves on the wrong side of the law.

In April this year, the voluntary EU incorporated a vow to refrain from generating, utilising or spreading "any form of deceptive content". As part of an EU charter on fair campaigning, European political parties consented to refrain from disseminating unmarked deepfakes ahead of the June election. A comparable law has been enacted in the UK this month. Under the Online Safety Act, passed the previous year, the distribution of deepfakes was declared unlawful. On March 13 of this year the AI Act was passed which aims to make sure that AI systems in the EU respect fundamental rights. Its objectives are to create innovation and investment in AI in a single EU market.

The rapid advancement of AI technologies is bringing about remarkable opportunities and hurdles for the gaming industry. Professionals at government agencies, think tanks, gaming events and conferences are extensively exploring and discussing the key problems. The industry is questioning if AI has overstepped its boundaries. When does virtual reality become overwhelming? Is there a potential threat to people? Are casinos at a higher risk of security attacks and how can they safeguard their data and AI versions? What regulations need to be established to ensure the safety of both casinos and individuals?

Experts in the gaming industry say that explicit regulation by authorities is necessary to ensure the ethical use of AI in the casino business. They believe that governmental and regulatory entities should create unambiguous, enforceable rules and structures that define proper procedures for AI implementation, tackling aspects such as data security, responsibility, and algorithmic clarity. The regulations introduced this month and those still being released should be versatile enough to adjust to the rapid speed of tech evolution, as obsolete laws can occasionally create more difficulties than benefits.

Doctor Ian Gauci, a partner at GTG specialising in AI law said to SiGMA News, "In Europe now casinos should make sure that if they already make use of AI that it complies with the requirements of existing law’s like GDPR as that is further emphasised in the new AI ACT. They also need to predispose themselves for the up and coming new AI act, so that they can act immediately around any banned AI. The casinos here would also have to distinguish between them solely deploying the AI, as opposed to developing and deploying it.”

The consensus among professionals such as Gauci is that international collaboration on AI-related laws will be essential to maintain uniform standards, considering the worldwide scope of the technology and the gaming industry.

Gauci added, “The extra part is that in addition to these new AI laws, the casinos will also need to examine their obligations on what is prohibited, and where there is high risk (AI act). They will also have to have a conformity assessment of a lot of things, such as data, design, cyber security, and other audits which are also important. It’s beyond ethics or human rights as you are regulating the operational parameters of the technology and imposing risk and governance frameworks on importers and distributors. It is dealing with big risk AI and interfacing with another authority which is the market surveillance authority in the EU.”

Industry experts concur that as casinos advance towards the integration of ethical AI, it involves not just compliance with rules; it's also about both the gaming industry and the users experience while complying with ever changing regulation.

The Prosecutor General's Office in Ukraine, in collaboration with law enforcement agencies, has intensified efforts to combat illegal gambling activities on a significant scale. A total of more than 450 criminal offenses related to illegal gambling have been under investigation as of April 2024. This moves follows the decision by the Ukrainian Parliament’s to dissolve KRAIL, Ukraine’s gambling regulator and the signing of a decree aimed at counteracting the .

During these investigations, 21 individuals were notified of suspicion, with indictments sent to court against 72 people. Notably, seven indictments were issued against 68 members of criminal groups, marking a crucial step in prosecuting those involved in unlawful gambling practices.

In the previous year, 169 offenses were recorded with 74 individuals notified of suspicion. This led to 52 indictments against 97 people being sent to court. Law enforcement authorities conducted more than 500 searches, 700 address inspections, and seized over 7,000 units of computer equipment, emphasizing the depth of their crackdown on illegal gambling.

In over 2,500 websites that provided gambling services without the necessary licenses have been blocked. President Volodymyr Zelensky's endorsement of the National Security and Defense Council's decision to address the negative impacts of online gambling underscores the government's determination to tackle this issue effectively. With ongoing investigations into large companies involved in illegal online gambling, including cases of fund laundering worth over 110 million euros, the crackdown on illegal gambling continues to unfold.

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’s National Police Agency (NPA) issued a stark warning last week, revealing that over one in three individuals apprehended in the recent crackdown on online gambling were teenagers. The alarming statistics underscore a troubling trend of rising in illegal gambling activities, sparking concerns over addiction and detrimental impacts. 

According to the Korea Times report, authorities apprehended a total of 2,925 individuals during the six-month crackdown targeting adolescent participation in online gambling, spanning from September 25 last year to March 31. Of these, a staggering 1,035, constituting 35.4 percent, were teenagers. 

Among the teenage offenders, 798 were high school students, 228 were middle school students, and seven were university students. Authorities also reported that even elementary school students were involved, with the youngest perpetrator being a 9-year-old who wagered 10,000 won. 

The crackdown resulted in the referral of 566 teenage offenders to specialized counselling centres with parental consent, aimed at addressing underlying issues and providing necessary support. Additionally, 75 adults faced imprisonment, and criminal proceeds totalling 61.9 billion won (€41.9 million) were confiscated. 

Police investigations shed light on the methods employed by online gambling sites to lure teenagers, including peer invitations, smartphone messages, online advertisements, and social media promotions. Baccarat emerged as the most favoured game among teenage gamblers, followed by sports betting, casino games, and Powerball or slot machines. 

The simplicity of registration processes, such as signing up with bank accounts or gift vouchers, facilitated teenage engagement in gambling activities. The report said that over 1,000 financial accounts under adolescents' names were identified for managing gambling funds and related transactions. 

Police highlighted the misconception of gambling as a harmless pastime among teens, exacerbated by cybergambling programs resembling simplistic gaming interfaces. Additionally, recent arrests revealed operators manipulating programs to expedite wins and losses, employing strategies like odd-even, ladder, and penalty kicks. 

With plans to resume the crackdown in May, the NPA remains resolute in its commitment to combating teenage involvement in online gambling. Woo Jong-soo, head of the National Office of Investigation, emphasized stringent enforcement against both gamblers and site operators to address the pressing issue of youth gambling. 

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